Energy efficiency and particle dynamics around magnetized black holes with parabolic configuration in STVG

Abstract Investigating the impact of dark matter on gravity near black holes (BHs) using observational evidence and theoretical analysis is a critical area of relativistic astrophysics. Therefore, in this manuscript, we examine the behavior of test particles in the vicinity of magnetized Schwarzschild BHs within the framework of scalar-vector-tensor gravity (STVG) theory. We assume that the BH is surrounded by a magnetosphere modeled using the parabolic magnetic field solution. We study the circular motions of test particles near BHs and calculate the corresponding effective potential, accounting for the MOG interaction and the magnetic field’s influence on particle geodesics. In addition, we analyze the stability of circular orbits by evaluating the effective potential, angular momentum, and the particle’s energy. We demonstrate how MOG interactions and the magnetic field affect the location of the innermost stable circular orbits (ISCO). Using the Navikov–Thorne thin accretion disk model, we studied how MOG interactions and the magnetic field affect energy efficiency, energy flux, and temperature distribution. Moreover, we investigate the collision of magnetized particles near our spacetime geometry under the influence of MOG and magnetic fields. Finally, we study the trajectories of charged particles under the influence of MOG interactions and a magnetic field and present our conclusions in the final section.