Neutrophil methylmalonic acid promotes microthrombus formation and adverse cardiac remodeling post-myocardial infarction through activating IL-6 signaling pathway-mediated NETosis

Neutrophil-derived MMA promotes NETosis and microthrombus formation through IL-6 activation, contributing to maladaptive cardiac remodeling post-MI. These findings identify neutrophil MMA as a novel immunometabolic trigger driving NET-mediated adverse cardiac remodeling and suggest colchicine as a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent heart failure post-MI, particularly in patients with elevated neutrophil MMA contents.