Energy absorbing systems in mine hoist conveyances: A review of design considerations and biomechanical implications for improved safety

Mine hoist systems are essential for vertical transportation in underground mining but pose safety risks, particularly from slack rope events and rope severance. The large deceleration rates experienced could, by themselves, be sufficient to cause serious injury or even fatalities to the occupants. Addressing these risks is critical. This paper reviews the design and application of energy-absorbing systems within mine hoist conveyances to enhance safety and mitigate the impact of such events. It examines the working principles of various energy-absorbing mechanisms, including spring suspension systems interlinked with wedge braking systems, and explores their effectiveness in attenuating kinetic energy during free-fall situations. Also considered are the biomechanical tolerance limits of the human body and how these limitations influence the design and deployment of these systems. This paper synthesizes current research and incident analyses to identify best practices and future directions for improving mine hoist safety through energy-absorbing technologies.