Modeling and Validating Photovoltaic Park Energy Profiles for Improved Management

This paper presents the design, modeling and experimental validation of an on-grid photovoltaic system with self-consumption, sized for the sustainable supply of a water pumping station. The system, composed of 68 photovoltaic panels, uses an architecture based on a Boost DC-DC converter controlled by the Perturb and Observe algorithm, raising the operating voltage to a high-voltage DC bus to maximize the conversion efficiency. The study integrates dynamic performance analysis through simulations in the Simulink environment, testing the stability of the DC bus under sudden irradiance shocks, with rigorous experimental validation based on field production data. The simulation results, which indicate a peak DC power of approximately 34 kW, are confirmed by real monitoring data that records a maximum of 35 kW, the error being justified by the high efficiency of the panels and system losses. Long-term validation, carried out over three years of operation (2023–2025), demonstrates the reliability of the technical solution, with the system generating a total of 124.68 MWh. The analysis of energy flows highlights a degree of self-consumption of 60.08%, while the absence of chemical storage is compensated for by injecting the surplus of 49.78 MWh into the national grid, which is used as an energy buffer. The paper demonstrates that using the grid to balance night-time or meteorological deficits, in combination with a stabilized DC bus, represents an optimal technical-economic solution for critical pumping infrastructures, eliminating the maintenance costs of the accumulators and ensuring continuous operation.