Assessing Fatigue Reliability Characteristics from Effects of Mean Stresses for API X65 Steel Pipe Under Seawater Condition

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• Fatigue reliability characteristics were notably affected by mean stresses in API X65 steel.
• The findings underscore how seawater conditions can influence the longevity of structural materials.
• Observational analysis assessed fatigue behavior under variable mean stresses, focusing on marine environments.
• Insights from this analysis highlight potential risks for pipeline integrity in offshore applications.