Beyond triorchidism: diagnostic pitfalls and an evidence-driven algorithm for pediatric supernumerary testes

Key Points

• Prompt surgery is necessary for cases with cryptorchidism or complications such as torsion, emphasizing the urgency in management.
• Ultrasonography often misdiagnoses supernumerary testes, particularly in younger or obese patients, highlighting significant risks in diagnostic accuracy.
• Conservative management is recommended in the absence of malignancy, promoting a careful approach to treatment.
• Awareness of urogenital malformations associated with supernumerary testes can improve diagnosis and management strategies.

Abstract