Optimizing energy efficiency and indoor air quality : a typology-based analysis of the European building stock

The updated Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) emphasizes the need to map indoor air quality (IAQ) across Europe at the building stock level to improve energy efficiency, reduce carbon emissions, and enhance indoor environments. Given the diversity of European residential buildings, this study uses the TABULA database to define standardized building typologies, which include single-family homes, terraced houses, multifamily homes, and apartment buildings, categorized based on plan compositions. The study identifies 42 representative typologies, providing a foundation for large-scale building stock modelling. Future research will involve simulating these typologies to develop solutions that align with EPBD goals and broader EU health and climate objectives, supporting both energy efficiency strategies and evidence-based policy development.