Optimizing efficient and reproducible in vitro regeneration via shoot organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis from leaf and nodal explants of Phlomis bracteosa Royle ex Benth.—a highly valued medicinal herb of the Himalayas

Key Points

• Higher efficiency in regenerative outputs was observed using leaf and nodal explants from Phlomis bracteosa.
• The study showed that somatic embryogenesis substantially improved regeneration rates compared to standard methods.
• Utilizing a combination of shoot organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis maximized plant yield from explants.
• Findings underscore the potential for better cultivation of this medicinal herb, emphasizing its economic viability.