Heavy Metal Assessment in Wild Edible Marshland Hydrophytes Across Diverse Habitats and their Carcinogenic and Non-carcinogenic Risk in Northern Bangladesh

Key Points

• Carcinogenic risk was identified in several marshland hydrophytes, indicating potential health hazards.
• Concentrations of heavy metals varied significantly across diverse habitats, emphasizing ecological impacts.
• Analysis of water and soil samples revealed specific contaminants linked to the identified risks.
• These findings highlight the need for monitoring and managing heavy metal contamination in edible plant species.