A novel quadband antenna with circular patch and modified Sierpinski gasket fractal ground structure for next-generation wireless communication system

This article explicates the design and performance investigation of a quadband circular-shaped antenna inspired by the Sierpinski gasket-modified fractal structure at the ground plane for next-generation wireless communication. The novelty of the proposed design is the alternate integration of reduced-scale circular patches with square slots and square patches with circular slots around the perimeter of the central circular radiating patch. This circular-square slot alternation technique introduces novel current paths, enabling efficient multiband operation. Additionally, a square-shaped slot is loaded at the center of the main patch, and a modified Sierpinski gasket structure is embedded in the ground plane to generate an extra frequency band. This design operates within the 3.8–6.9 GHz frequency range, covering four frequency bands of 3.807–3.896 GHz (89 MHz), 5.196–5.354 GHz (158 MHz), 5.958–6.354 GHz (396 MHz), and 6.631–6.913 GHz (282 MHz). The tuned frequencies cater to specialized applications, including 5G mid-band (n78/n77), Wi-Fi 5, ultra-fast Wi-Fi 6E, and C-band satellite communication applications. The fabricated device measures 50 × 50 mm2 and utilizes FR4 epoxy material as its substrate. The performance of the projected quadband antenna has been achieved by utilizing Agilent’s Advanced Design System (ADS). The optimized antenna structures effectively balance compactness with superior impedance matching, enhanced bandwidth, improved gain and efficiency, uniform radiation pattern, low cost, and easy to fabricate, hence making them strong candidates for next-generation communication services.