In-vivo evaluation of silver nanoparticles-enhanced Chlorella protein nanovaccine for immunological defense in grouper (Epinephelus sp) against RNA viral infections

Key Points

• The immunological defense is significantly enhanced in grouper with the silver nanoparticles-enhanced chlorella protein nanovaccine against RNA viral infections.
• Grouper treated with the nanovaccine showed a 70% increase in immune response metrics compared to the control group.
• Observational analysis using in-vivo evaluations monitored the effectiveness of the nanovaccine in preventing viral infections.
• These findings highlight the potential for improving fish health in aquaculture, though further studies are needed for practical application.