Advancing the Circular Economy: Exploring EPR and Eco-Modulation Through the Small EEE Repairability Indicator (SERI) for Australia

Small Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (small WEEE) accounts for more than 30% of the WEEE generated globally. Eco-modulation is an approach that can be used in Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) schemes when managing this waste stream. This study reviewed existing literature to identify key factors to eco-modulate small WEEE in Australia. Repairability was identified as a critical objective for eco-modulation. To support this, the study developed a Small EEE Repairability Indicator (SERI) by analysing repairability parameters and calculating their weights using crowdsourced data. Among the parameters, Spare Parts Availability (SP) and Diagnostic Support (DS) were found to be the most important, while Working Environment (WE) had a lesser impact. The application of SERI for eco-modulation is beneficial for both regulators and consumers, especially if displayed on the product as an eco-label. SERI can guide purchasing decisions and encourage repairable designs. Initially, it is recommended to implement SERI for five commonly repaired small EEE categories, including food preparation appliances, hot water EEE, and vacuum cleaners. The study suggests that Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) self-declare SERI values, which can be verified by regulatory bodies. For SERI to succeed, challenges such as educating consumers, addressing resistance from importers and domestic producers, and ensuring compliance from online sellers must be addressed. Accurate data collection on repairability is also vital for ongoing improvements. Future research is recommended to explore consumer behaviour to identify the impact of SERI on purchasing decisions. By promoting repairable designs, SERI has the potential to increase product lifespans and support the circular economy.