The Effect of Concentration of LiF on the Tunability of Ti 2 CT x MXene

ABSTRACT MXenes, a rapidly growing class of 2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, offer exceptional electrical conductivity, chemical stability, and tunable surface terminations, making them ideal for applications in energy storage, catalysis, EMI shielding, and flexible electronics. The MILD etching method, utilizing LiF and HCl, minimizes defects and enhances surface control, yet the effect of LiF concentration on MXene quality remains underexplored. This study investigates the modulation of Ti 2 C MXene properties, including crystallinity, structural integrity, and surface terminations, by varying the LiF molar concentration during the etching process. The structural, morphological, and compositional properties of the synthesized MXene were analyzed using x‐ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy‐dispersive spectroscopy. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy were employed to investigate the chemical environment, surface terminations, and bonding states. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis revealed enhanced porosity and surface area, demonstrating the material's potential for advanced technological applications.