Peptides in facial plastic surgery: emerging applications in aesthetics and rejuvenation

Bioactive peptides have become increasingly common ingredients in skincare products and procedural adjuncts in aesthetic practices. Modeled after naturally occurring matrikines, these short amino acid chains are designed to influence the extracellular matrix (ECM), cellular signaling, and skin repair. Peptides are commonly classified as signal peptides, carrier peptides, and neurotransmitter-inhibiting “botox-like” peptides based on their proposed mechanisms of action. While many of these compounds are marketed for wrinkle reduction, collagen stimulation, and improved skin quality, most supporting evidence is derived from in vitro and ex vivo studies rather than randomized clinical trials. These products are widely available with limited regulatory oversight and are increasingly incorporated into microneedling treatments, topical regimens, and postoperative skincare. As patient interest grows, facial plastic surgeons are more frequently asked about the role, safety, and efficacy of peptide-based products. This article presents current evidence and proposed mechanisms to help guide informed discussions and clinical decision-making in facial plastic surgery practice.