Functional Constipation in Pediatric Age Group: A Homoeopathic Approach

Functional constipation is among the most prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorders in childhood. It is characterized by infrequent, difficult, or painful defecation without identifiable organic pathology. The condition negatively influences nutritional status, emotional well-being, school performance, and overall quality of life. Reported prevalence varies globally due to differences in diagnostic criteria and lifestyle factors. Urbanization, dietary shifts toward low-fiber foods, reduced physical activity, and psychosocial stress are significant contributors. Diagnosis is primarily clinical and guided by Rome IV criteria. Severity can be objectively evaluated using standardized instruments such as the Constipation Scoring System (CSS). Conventional management relies on dietary regulation, behavioral training, and pharmacological agents particularly osmotic laxatives. However, relapse after discontinuation is common. Homoeopathy offers a holistic and individualized approach aimed at correcting the underlying functional imbalance. Frequently indicated remedies include Paraffinum, Nux vomica, Bryonia alba, Alumina, Calcarea carbonica, Opium, and Silicea. This review explores epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, diagnostic standards, conventional treatment modalities, and the homoeopathic approach, while emphasizing the need for further high-quality clinical research.