The effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids administration on oral health in humans: a scoping review

Conversely, AAS administered under medical indication demonstrated therapeutic potential in reducing treatment-related toxicity (e.g., in oral cancer) and promoting the resolution of recurrent soft tissue lesions (e.g., aphthous ulcers). It is recommended that future studies adopt well-designed sampling strategies in longitudinal studies to enhance clinicians' and researchers' understanding of its effects and mechanisms, ultimately enabling evidence-based recommendations or advisories for or against its use for oral conditions. Health professionals should be aware of the distinct oral health risks and benefits associated with AAS. AAS abuse represents a critical risk factor for severe periodontal pathology and potential mucocutaneous adverse events. Conversely, low-level evidence supports recognizing the therapeutic potential of medically indicated AAS as supportive care for conditions like chemotherapy/radiotherapy-induced mucositis and recurrent soft tissue lesions. Identifying gaps in the literature highlights the need for broader research to ensure the safe monitoring of individuals who use these substances.