What question did this study set out to answer?

This work aims to refine the mathematical derivation of the KIT Universal Mass Formula and provide insights into particle stability and structure.

March 23, 2026Open Access

The KIT Universal Mass Formula: All Particle Masses from Riemann Zeros

Key Points

This work aims to refine the mathematical derivation of the KIT Universal Mass Formula and provide insights into particle stability and structure.
Updated mathematical derivation of the Spectral Stiffness factor B(N) using Riemann zero derivatives.
Provided a detailed physical interpretation of the Hexagonal Lattice Template.
Established a proof of Lattice Saturation at N=7.
Refined understanding of the Spectral Stiffness factor B(N).
Proved the stability of the Hexagonal Lattice Template.
Elucidated the three-generation structure of particles through Lattice Saturation.

Abstract

This is an updated version (March 20, 2026) of the KIT Universal Mass Formula. > Key updates in this version: Refined the mathematical derivation of the Spectral Stiffness factor B (N) using Riemann zero derivatives. Added a detailed physical interpretation of the Hexagonal Lattice Template and its stability. Provided a more rigorous proof of Lattice Saturation at N=7, explaining the three-generation structure of particles.

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YilWook Kim

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The KIT Universal Mass Formula: All Particle Masses from Riemann Zeros

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