Molecular Characterization and Cultivation of Indigenous and Exotic Strains of Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi): A Medicinal Basidiomycete Mushroom

Ganoderma lucidum , commonly known as “Reishi” or “Lingzhi,” has been revered for its medicinal properties for over 2,000 years, particularly in East Asian traditional medicine. This study investigates the molecular characterization and cultivation practices of indigenous and exotic strains of G. lucidum sourced from northern India, with the aim of enhancing product yield and quality. A total of nine strains were collected and designated SK1–SK9. Five strains were confirmed as true G. lucidum through Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) analysis, and Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA) showed over 88% genetic similarity to a reference strain from Thailand. Sawdust was identified as the optimal substrate for cultivation, with wheat bran supplementation yielding the highest biological efficiency (BE), reaching 25.86% with strain SK3. Additionally, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis revealed significant genetic diversity among the strains, suggesting potential for future genetic improvement in G. lucidum cultivation. While challenges remain in standardizing solid‐state cultivation, the promising results from submerged fermentation techniques suggest potential for improved production stability and economic viability. This study provides valuable insights into optimizing cultivation conditions for G. lucidum , aiming to meet growing market demands and explore new commercial opportunities.