A Systematic Bibliometric Review and Visualization of the Intersection between Lean Management and Industrial Revolutions

The convergence of Lean philosophy with the paradigms of Industry 4.0 (IR4.0) and Industry 5.0 (IR5.0) is emerging as a persuasive area of research and industrial practice. A bibliometric and network analyses indicate a growing scientific and industrial interest, particularly in Europe and emerging economies, underscoring the interdisciplinary nature of this field. While initial studies concentrated on technological foundations and operational performance, this study has shifted focus toward digital transformation, sustainability, and human-centric approaches. Lean principles are being enhanced by IR technologies like IoT, AI, and advanced analytics, facilitating real-time monitoring and dynamic process optimization. The transition to IR5.0 highlights the importance of human-centricity and societal resilience, positioning the fusion of Lean and advanced technologies as a pathway to operational excellence, along with broader environmental and societal benefits. However, notable research gaps persist, particularly regarding practical integration mechanisms across diverse contexts and non-manufacturing sectors. Addressing these challenges necessitates organizational transformation, workforce upskilling, and interdisciplinary collaboration. The integration of Lean principles with IR4.0 and IR5.0 presents industries with a strategic opportunity to improve efficiency, sustainability, and innovation, provided that human and social factors are prioritized alongside technological progress.