Automatic Hive Protection System

Beekeeping is an important agricultural activity because honey bees help in pollination, increase crop yield, and support the environment. However, honey bees are very sensitive to environmental changes, especially rainfall and excess moisture. When rainwater enters the beehive, it causes wet conditions, increases humidity, and leads to fungal growth, reducing honey production and possibly causing colony death. This project proposes an automatic rain protection and ventilation system for beehives using a rain sensor, ESP32 microcontroller, servo mechanism, and exhaust fan. When rain is detected, the ESP32 automatically activates a motor to close a protective cover over the hive. The exhaust fan maintains proper airflow to prevent heat and humidity buildup. The system operates autonomously on low power, making it suitable for rural and remote areas. By combining traditional beekeeping with modern sensor-based technology, this project protects bee colonies, reduces beekeeper labor, and improves overall hive safety and honey production.