Search for Selection Fingerprints in the Genome of Black-and-white Cattle Breeds Based on the Analysis of Whole-genome Sequences of Modern and Museum Samples

The effect of artificial selection on the genome variability of Kholmogory and Yaroslavl cattle is assessed based on the analysis of whole-genome sequences of modern and museum specimens dated to the late 19th – early 20th centuries. The analysis of 3,403,441 polymorphic SNPs showed that most of the identified selection fingerprints in the genome of historical Kholmogory and Yaroslavl cattle overlapped with milk productivity QTL. In the modern Kholmogory cattle breed, the dominant selection pressure on loci associated with milk productivity has been preserved, while in the modern Yaroslavl breed, along with milk productivity QTL, loci associated with reproductive qualities were subject to selection.