Nitrogen vacancies g-C 3 N 4 /BiOBr S-scheme heterojunction with Pd for efficient photocatalytic H 2 O 2 production

Photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production represents a promising pathway for solar-to-chemical energy conversion. Nevertheless, this process is constricted due to rapid recombination rate of photogenerated charge carriers. Herein, Nv-CNS/BiOBr-Pd heterojunction was constructed by integration of nitrogen vacancy carbon nitride (Nv-CNS), Bismuth oxybromide (BiOBr), and palladium nanoparticles. This ternary complex shows excellent H₂O₂ production performance, achieving a rate of 7990 μmol•g⁻¹•h⁻¹ under simulated sunlight irradiation. On the basis of the consequence of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy, the charge transfer mechanism conforms to a S-scheme heterojunction system, which is conducive to promote the separation and transfer of electrons while preserving excellent redox capacity. The existence of nitrogen vacancies provides active sites for reaction, and Pd nanoparticles strengths the response scope and absorption capacity of sunlight. This work establishes a reasonable strategy for catalyst applied to the photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide evaluation.