The theoretical framework, model construction and evolution analysis of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature from the perspective of social well-being

This paper proposes a theoretical framework for explaining the harmonious coexistence between humans and nature from the perspective of social well-being. On this basis, a harmonious coexistence degree model is established to evaluate the harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. Spatial analysis methods are employed to analyze the evolutionary characteristics of the human-nature harmonious coexistence degree, and the spatial effects of influencing factors are revealed. The results show that: (1) From the perspective of social well-being, the harmonious coexistence between humans and nature takes dialectical unity as its logical starting point and bidirectional mutual nourishment as its operational mechanism. By quantifying "harmonious coexistence", it provides a unified standard for evaluating the harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. (2) China's human-nature harmonious coexistence degree shows a steady upward trend, transitioning from mild to moderate-high harmonious coexistence. The western region has the highest harmonious coexistence degree, while the central region has the lowest, with a distinct "central collapse" characteristic. (3) The human-nature harmonious coexistence degree of the 31 provincial-level regions presents positive growth, among which Inner Mongolia, Gansu, and Jiangsu rank leading positions nationwide. The harmonious coexistence between humans and nature exhibits spatial correlation, showing a spatial association pattern characterized by "regional homogeneous development as the mainstay and regional heterogeneous development as the supplement". (4) Promoting urbanization construction, enhancing scientific and technological innovation capabilities, optimizing the industrial structure, and improving the level of opening-up to the outside world have positive promoting effects on the harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, while increasing the fiscal decentralization of local governments exerts a negative inhibitory effect on it.