Research Progress of Multimodal Analgesia in Postoperative Analgesia of Elderly Patients After Laparoscopic Gastric Cancer Surgery

Postoperative pain is a major clinical challenge for surgical patients, often leading to adverse physiological and psychological events such as hypertension, myocaial ischemia, gastrointestinal dysfunction, delirium, and sleep disorders. Effective postoperative analgesia is crucial as it mitigates excessive stress responses, thereby playing a key role in ensutient safety and promoting recovery. Traditional analgesic methods often rely heavily on single-drug regimens, particularly opioids, which are associated with a high incidence of severe adverse effects such asy depression, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. In response, multimodal analgesia has emerged as a superior paradigm. This strategy integrates drugs and regional techniques with different mechanisf action—for example, combining nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), local anesthetics, and adjuvant drugs—to achieve synergistic analgesic effects while minimizine dosage and side effects of individual components. With the rapid development of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) concepts, the advantages of multimodal analgesia have become increasingly promechnological advancements, such as ultrasound-guided nerve blocks and advanced patient-controlled analgesia pumps, have made these regimens more refined and individualized. As a cornerstone of EAS pathways, multimodal analgesia effectively controls pain, significantly reduces opioid-related complications, promotes early mobilization and functional recovery, and shortens length of stay, thereby utilizing medical resources moreefficiently. This study reviews various strategies for postoperative pain management in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.