Knowledge and Practices of Diabetic Patients Facing the Complications of Their Diseases: Cross-sectional and Analytical Study

Contexts: Knowledge of type 2 diabetes unequivocally contributes to glycemic control and therefore to the prevention of degenerative complications of diabetes. However, paradoxically, data on this subject are fragmented in sub-Saharan African countries. The objectives of this study were to measure the overall level of knowledge and to determine the practices of people with type 2 diabetes in managing their disease, particularly regarding diabetic complications. Methods: A cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted on type 2 diabetics followed at the Heal Africa Diabetes Clinic and the Association of Diabetics in Congo in Goma. A pretested questionnaire exploring the diabetics knowledge and practices regarding diabetes complications was administered to all participants. Results: A total of 409 type 2 diabetics (59.2% male) were interviewed. Their mean age was 51.7 ± 13.7 years. Although the majority believed they were aware of the complications of diabetes, only 28% actively sought them out. The participants score for good practice regarding complications was low, at 15.4%. A significant relationship was found between knowledge and practice and employment status, education level, regular blood glucose monitoring, and regular seeking of complications by diabetic patients. Conclusion: The overall level of knowledge among diabetics regarding the complications of their disease is unsatisfactory. Their practice depends on their level of education, their level of knowledge, and their awareness of potential complications.