Institutional Barriers to Sea Level Rise Adaptation in Australia's Coastal Towns: A Systematic Review of Academic Literature

ABSTRACT Climate change and rising sea levels pose significant challenges to coastal communities worldwide, requiring effective institutional adaptation strategies. Australia is particularly exposed to sea level rise risks, with more than 85% of its population living in coastal areas. As a wealthy nation with stable public institutions, there is an expectation that Australia is adapting effectively; however, significant challenges persist. This study presents findings from a systematic literature review of academic studies to examine the institutional barriers that hinder adaptation to sea level rise in Australia's coastal settlements. The findings highlight a lack of clear and consistent guidance at national and state levels, and weak stakeholder coordination that contributes to institutional inertia in adaptation efforts. The research underscores the urgent need for integrated governance models, enhanced inter‐agency communication, and comprehensive, coordinated policies so that Australia can begin to close the adaptation gap. The research outlines the gap identified in the literature and suggests areas for further study. This article is categorized under: Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Institutions for Adaptation Policy and Governance > Governing Climate Change in Communities, Cities, and Regions The Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Climate Science and Decision Making