Incorporation Effect of Sustainable Fuels and Soot Particles Characteristics on Engine Oils (SAE 5W/30) Behavior in Diesel Engine

Incomplete combustion within the combustion chamber generates numerous gaseous and solid emissions, including soot particles. Some of these soot particles are expelled through the exhaust nozzle, while others accumulate on the cylinder walls and accumulated in the engine oil. The accumulation of soot particles in engine oil is considered one of the most important factors affecting engine performance. It causes degrades the oil through their interaction, thus affecting the oil's viscosity, oxidation, and corrosion properties. Therefore, the combined effects of sustainable fuel and soot particles characteristics on engine oil behaviour were studied in this study. Soot samples extracted from lubricant oil and prepared for imaging by a combination of dilution with heptane followed by diethyl ether bating. The experimental results of the particulate morphological analysis indicate that the soot agglomerates extracted from soot-in-oil in case of sustainable fuel (SF) combustion showed smaller average diameter and radius of gyration when compared with soot-in-oil from diesel (D) combustion. The results indicated that the soot particles contamination in engine oil from the SF combustion is lower for both concentration and size (23 nm) of soot particles in comparison with concentration and size (29 nm) those emitted from the diesel fuel combustion. The fractal dimension (Df) and average size of soot-in-oil from SF was smaller (1.740) than D soot-in-oil (1.868 nm). The results indicated that oil degradation is less from SF soot-in-oil than those in the diesel. Understanding the impact of soot emissions on engine oil is crucial for identifying safer, longer-life oils and improving new engine oil monitoring strategies in diesel engines. Also, the sustainable fuel has beneficial effect on the engine oil properties and soot emission characteristics.