Revolutionizing Agri-Food Supply Chain Governance Using Blockchain for End-to-End Visibility and Trust

The agricultural sector is essential for global food security but continues to face challenges in supply chain management, including lack of transparency, traceability, and data integrity. This study proposes AgroChain, a blockchain-based framework designed to enhance governance and trust in the Agricultural Supply Chain (ASC). The system is built on the Quorum blockchain platform, an enterprise version of Ethereum, which integrates Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP) protocols to ensure data privacy while maintaining secure and transparent transactions. AgroChain introduces a scalable process model that separates the registry of agricultural records from the actual data, enabling efficient data handling. Smart contracts are used to automate key supply chain operations such as record creation, validation, transfer, and deletion, allowing end-to-end traceability from farm to consumer. The framework also incorporates rolebased access control for stakeholders including farmers, distributors, retailers, and consumers. Experimental results indicate that AgroChain improves transparency, accountability, and interoperability, demonstrating the potential of blockchain technology to transform agricultural supply chain governance.