Extended Coherent Modulation Imaging for Object Reconstruction with Single Diffraction Pattern

Coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) is a fast-growing imaging technique. Among all CDI methods, coherent modulation imaging (CMI) has strong potential for dynamic imaging because of its ability to form an image from a single diffraction pattern. However, current CMI methods mostly reconstruct the exit wave distribution behind the object plane, which is seriously affected by the illumination artifact. Recently, some improved CMI methods have been developed to resolve the problem. However, many of these methods still need two diffraction patterns—one empty-sample diffraction pattern and another snapshot measurement. Recent advances in randomized probe imaging have shown that a single diffraction pattern suffices for quantitative reconstruction when the probe is pre-calibrated. Herein, we propose a modified CMI algorithm to reconstruct pure object function with single diffraction pattern, thereby simplifying the experimental process. Moreover, the proposed method can also work in the situation where the modulation effect is weak. Both numerical simulations and optical experiments have been conducted to verify the proposed method.