The small transport vessel propulsion system parameters optimization for operation in the coastal zone

The developed optimization algorithm is based on the integration of the weight and size limitations of lithium-ion storage devices and the dynamic parameters of diesel-electric units within a single design system. The created calculation tools are based on simulation modeling of energy flows, taking into account the specific conditions of coastal navigation, such as shallow water, variable currents and intensive maneuvering. The use of an adapted genetic algorithm makes it possible to determine the rational ratio of the installed capacity of internal combustion engines and the energy intensity of the battery array for a given operational profile. The study found that the transition to a parallel-type hybrid scheme reduces the total capacity of diesel equipment by 35% while effectively covering peak loads due to accumulated electricity. Calculations confirm the achievement of specific fuel consumption at the level of 192 g/(kW·h) due to the stabilization of the operating modes of the main engines in the range of maximum efficiency. The life cycle analysis revealed a reduction of harmful emissions by more than 20% and a significant reduction in the level of structural vibration of the vessel's hull. The proposed design approach additionally includes an assessment of fire safety through the physical isolation of battery compartments and the introduction of modular structures to simplify maintenance. The statistical data obtained indicate that the payback period of the upgraded system has been reached within 5.5 years using predictive energy distribution strategies. The presented methodology makes it possible to reasonably choose the configuration of the propulsion system at the initial stages of the creation of small vessels, ensuring an optimal balance between the mass of the power plant and its autonomy in an environmentally friendly running mode.