Unravelling the Role of Tyrosine Sulfotransferase (TPST) in Plant Growth and Development: A Systematic Review

• TPST catalyses post-translational tyrosine sulfation in certain small plant peptides. • TPST regulates RGFs, PSKs, PSYs and CIFs that play various roles in plant growth and development. • TPST coordinates sulfated peptide signalling (PSK, PSY, RGF) to synergistically regulate root growth and meristem maintenance. • Tyrosine sulfation via TPST enables plants to fine-tune their cellular responses to environmental challenges, supporting adaptive growth and development. Tyrosyl protein sulfotransferase (TPST), an enzyme, is turning out to be a key player in many plant processes. Plant growth and development are greatly impacted by TPST's ability to modify a variety of important peptide hormones such as PSKs, PSYs, RGFs and CIFs . TPST catalyzes the sulfation of tyrosine (Tyr) residues in the target proteins. This post-translational modification is fundamentally important for the maturation and maintenance of the bioactivity of the secreted peptide hormones. These sulfated peptide hormones act synergistically yet through distinct TPST-dependent mechanisms to regulate plant’s growth and development, integrating processes like root meristem maintenance, cell division, and elongation into a coordinated developmental network. This review is a comprehensive account of TPST's role, and how we can explore its potential uses in agriculture and pave a way for creating crops that are more resilient and climate-adaptive. This article highlights the significance of TPST in plant development, summarizes recent research, and explores the wider implications of TPST on improvement of crop productivity.