Antineoplastic, longevity, and antimutagenic effect of resveratrol

ABSTRACT Resveratrol (RSV) is a polyphenol that contributes to the defense mechanisms of plants and has been widely researched for its antioxidant effects. More than 30,000 laboratory studies have shown cardioprotective, neuroprotective, antitumor, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antimutagenic, and antiaging effects. RSV acts as a protective agent against cancer in all four stages of cancer (initiation, development, progression, and metastasis). It prevents the proliferation of cancer cells by affecting cell pathways. It reveals its chemotherapeutic effects with mechanisms such as inducing apoptosis, suppressing cell migration, increasing drug sensitivity, and preventing the formation of drug resistance. RSV contributes to longevity through its antioxidant properties by directly inhibiting ROS production via NADPH oxidase, reducing superoxide biosynthesis, and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. In particular, it regulates various processes such as aging, obesity, and heart function by increasing Sirtuin 1 activity. In addition, it slows down skin aging and supports lesion healing and epidermis regeneration. Studies with nanoliposomes and hydrogel have shown that RSV potentiates its antioxidant and antiaging effects on the skin. RSV shows antimutagenic effects that reduce DNA damage. In particular, it reduces DNA damage caused by ultraviolet B radiation. However, some studies have also noted the high concentrations of RSV, revealing its genotoxic effects.