Forensic Investigative Genetic Genealogy: An Innovative Tool for Solving Crimes

ABSTRACT Forensic investigative genetic genealogy (FIGG) has significantly transformed the resolution of crimes and the identification of individuals, providing unprecedented avenues for addressing complex, long‐standing cases. This article explores the theoretical framework of FIGG, analyzing its usefulness, applications, and the ethical and legal issues it raises. The practical application of this discipline is illustrated through a detailed analysis of seven real‐world cases solved using FIGG in the United States, Spain, Sweden, and Estonia, including the infamous Golden State Killer case, the Eva Blanco case, a double homicide in Sweden, the Michelle Martinko murder case, and the identification of an Estonian War of Independence soldier. The discussion compares the methodologies employed and highlights differences in the legal frameworks of different countries, particularly from the perspective of Spanish legislation, as well as ethical dilemmas, especially with regard to consent and privacy issues relating to the access to and use of genetic databases. The limitations of FIGG, such as sample quality and database accessibility, are also highlighted. The study concludes that, while FIGG is an invaluable tool for generating new leads in stalled investigations and for humanitarian identification purposes, its effectiveness and social acceptance depend on evolving legislation, transparency from genetic companies, and the establishment of clear ethical boundaries to protect individual rights. This article is categorized under: Forensic Biology > Ancestry Determination using DNA Methods Forensic Biology > DNA Testing in Disaster Victim and Missing Persons Identification Forensic Biology > Ethical and Social Implications