Migrasomes: new communicators between cells

Migrasomes are a recently discovered class of organelles, typically generated at the intersections and tips of retraction fibers (RFs) in migrating cells. These monolayer vesicular structures encapsulate a variety of bioactive molecules and have been shown to participate in essential physiological processes, including intercellular communication, embryonic development, immune microenvironment modulation, and mitochondrial homeostasis. Beyond their physiological roles, accumulating evidence has revealed that migrasomes are also closely associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases. These include kidney and retinal damage, vascular disorders, as well as the initiation and progression of multiple tumors such as glioma, osteosarcoma, liver cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Given their emerging significance in both normal physiology and disease, migrasomes hold promise as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets, offering new avenues for research in cell biology and translational medicine.In this review, we summarize recent advances in migrasome research, with a particular emphasis on their involvement in disease mechanisms - an area of growing importance given the current limitations in clinical treatment. We also provide perspectives on future research directions and the potential translational applications of migrasomes.