Kartagener syndrome and pulmonary tuberculosis: an unusual clinical convergence

Abstract Background Kartagener syndrome is a rare genetic disorder representing a subset of primary ciliary dyskinesia. It is classically defined by the triad of bronchiectasis, chronic sinusitis, and situs inverses. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent disease progression and complications. Case presentations We report two cases of adult women, both aged 36, diagnosed with Kartagener syndrome. Both presented with chronic productive cough and recurrent lower respiratory tract infections dating back to childhood, alongside chronic rhinosinusitis. Thoracic computed tomography scans revealed bilateral bronchiectasis and situs inverses totalis. Sinus imaging confirmed chronic sinus disease. One patient developed chronic respiratory failure and died in intensive care from septic shock. The other responded well to antibiotic treatment following an exacerbation associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Discussion These cases highlight the diagnostic challenges of Kartagener syndrome, especially in adult patients, often due to a lack of awareness and access to specialized diagnostic tools. The association with pulmonary tuberculosis, as observed in one of our cases, is uncommon but clinically significant. Imaging remains central to diagnosis in resource-limited settings. Conclusion Kartagener syndrome should be considered in patients with unexplained bronchiectasis and sinus disease, particularly when associated with situs inversus. Early diagnosis and appropriate management can prevent severe complications and improve outcomes.