(171) Non-Gynecologic Etiologies of Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Narrative Review

Abstract Introduction Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a multifactorial condition defined as pelvic pain lasting longer than six months. CPP affects daily functioning and quality of life, and existing literature centers on gynecologic etiologies, leaving non-gynecologic contributors, such as musculoskeletal, orthopedic, neurologic, spinal, gastrointestinal, urologic, and vascular conditions, underexamined despite growing evidence of their relevance. Objective This narrative review aims to identify and synthesize non-gynecologic conditions associated with CPP and summarize current diagnostic and treatment approaches to support more comprehensive clinical evaluation. Methods This narrative review synthesized PubMed-indexed literature available through January 30, 2025. Studies describing non-gynecologic conditions, diagnostic pathways, or treatment strategies related to CPP. were included. Findings were summarized descriptively, and formal quality appraisal tools were not applied due to the exploratory scope of the review. Results Twenty-four non-gynecologic conditions were identified as potential contributors to CPP. These conditions span multiple body systems and present with diverse symptom patterns. The literature highlights a wide range of diagnostic strategies (eg, imaging, physical examination), treatment approaches, including physical therapy, manual therapies, pharmacologic interventions, and surgical or interventional procedures. Conclusions Prior work has focused mainly on pelvic-localized causes of CPP overlooking important multisystem contributors. Although this review identified 24 non-gynecological conditions, it is likely that additional contributors remain to be explored. Further research is needed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the clinical presentations, underlying causes of CPP, and effective treatment methods for individuals who experience CPP regularly. Adopting a multidisciplinary approach that incorporates perspectives from multiple fields may improve the evaluation and treatment of these complex cases, ultimately supporting improved patient well-being and quality of life. Disclosure No.