Potentials of novel sepsis diagnostic biomarker in intensive care unit: Systematic review

Abstract Hospitalized patients often experience sepsis, a disease that can lead to serious complications and even death. Prompt identification of sepsis as the underlying cause of worsening is essential for successfully initiating successful treatment. Historically, diagnosis relied on fulfilling two or more positive SIRS criteria attributable to infection. Recently published sepsis-3 criteria place greater focus on organ failure induced by infection in the classification of sepsis. Nonetheless, a definitive gold standard for diagnosis is absent, and doctors continue to depend on many classic and innovative biomarkers to differentiate between infected and non-infected patients as the underlying cause of deterioration. Ultimately, sepsis diagnosis and prognosis could be improved by integrating biomarker-guided algorithms. This paper provides up-to-date data on the clinical usefulness of host-response and pathogen-specific biomarkers, offers recommendations for their optimal utilization, and outlines the need for future study. The Cochrane database, Embase, PubMed, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, Ovid, and additional databases were meticulously examined for studies concerning the Potentials of Novel Sepsis Diagnostic Biomarker in the Intensive Care Unit. Sepsis, diagnostic biomarkers, innovative diagnostic biomarkers, and critical care unit were the principal terms utilized. This article employed a systematic approach to identify relevant material through a tiered search process. Relevant papers for each part were independently found and summarized. The findings have been summarized and presented in the relevant areas of this comprehensive evaluation. A selection of the best possible way new biomarkers for sepsis diagnosis is presented. Sepsis continues to be a significant health issue for ICU patients globally and is linked to elevated fatality rates. Presepsin, CD64, suPAR, sTREM-1, HMGB1, PSP, IL-27, cell-free DNA, miRNA, circRNAs, and HOTTIP are the most thoroughly assessed novel biomarkers for sepsis diagnosis to date. All exhibit constraints in distinguishing between diseased and healthy individuals in SIRS, and their prospective diagnostic utility requires assessment. Testing the usability, performance, and validity of prospective biomarkers is crucial before their integration into standard clinical practice.