Development of a Low Bit Error Rate (BER) Coding Technique for Underwater Communication

Underwater communication plays a crucial role in transmitting data below the water’s surface. Maintaining the quality of transmitted information is essential, as underwater channels are highly affected by speckle noise and multipath currents, leading to Doppler frequency variations and changing node distances. The reliability of text data over acoustic channels is generally assessed through Bit Error Rate (BER) and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)2. Bandwidth efficiency can be improved using appropriate modulation schemes and robust error-control coding techniques. This paper proposes a novel channel coding technique that enhances data security, achieves a lower Bit Error Rate (BER), and operates with a reduced Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) requirement. A comparative performance analysis of the proposed Code is carried out against existing coding schemes such as Convolutional Code, Reed–Solomon (RS) Code, Turbo Code, and Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) Code for text data transmission in underwater acoustic channels. The evaluation employs different modulation schemes, including M-ary Frequency Shift Keying (M-ary FSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM). The results demonstrate that the proposed method improves reliability and efficiency in underwater communication systems.