Frozen Shoulder Embolization: Clinical and Imaging Fundamentals for Interventionalists

Abstract Adhesive capsulitis or frozen shoulder is an idiopathic condition causing progressive shoulder pain and restriction of glenohumeral motion. Conventional management includes physical therapy, intra-articular injections, and surgery for refractory cases. In recent years, adhesive capsulitis embolization (ACE) has emerged as a minimally invasive endovascular treatment targeting pathological neovascularization associated with chronic inflammation. This article reviews the clinical background, pathophysiology, imaging findings, patient selection, technical aspects, and outcomes of ACE, with a focus on practical considerations for interventional radiologists.