Farmer-Herders Crisis and the Quest for Regional Security Force in South-West Nigeria

Research Problem: The persistent farmers–herders crisis in Nigeria poses a serious threat to food security, social cohesion, and regional stability. In Oyo State, recurring conflicts over land and resources have intensified insecurity, raising concerns about the effectiveness of existing security arrangements and the need for a regional security force. Methods/Theory: The study adopted a descriptive survey design to examine the causes, effects, and security responses to the farmers–herders crisis in Oyo State. A total of 300 respondents, comprising farmers, herders, community leaders, and security personnel, were selected using random sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analysed using descriptive statistics, including mean, median, and mode. Results: The findings revealed that competition over land and water resources, population pressure, climate change, and weak enforcement of grazing regulations are the major drivers of the conflict. The crisis has led to loss of lives, destruction of property, displacement of rural populations, and heightened regional insecurity. The study also found that the establishment of a regional security force could significantly contribute to managing and containing the conflict. Conclusion: The farmers–herders crisis in Oyo State requires a comprehensive regional security framework that integrates security enforcement with dialogue, sustainable land management, and inclusive policy implementation. Key Contribution to Knowledge: The study provides empirical evidence on the relevance of a regional security force as a strategic response to farmers–herders conflicts in Nigeria. Recommendation: It is recommended that government strengthens local conflict resolution mechanisms, promotes ranching systems, and enhances collaboration between security agencies and rural communities to ensure sustainable peace.