Fuzzy Logic‐Based Load Analysis of Hybrid Microgrid System Including Fuel Cell, Wind Turbine, Wave, and Photovoltaic Energies

ABSTRACT The effective use of renewable energy sources (RES) and advanced energy management strategies ensures an environmentally friendly and cost‐effective energy supply. The study presented investigates the performance of a hybrid microgrid system (HMGS) designed to meet the energy demand of the Ildır Bay region in İzmir, Türkiye, representing a remote coastal community. The system operates in island mode, integrating wave energy into a configuration that already includes continuous energy sources, such as a fuel cell, to exploit the potential of suitable locations without compromising stability. The HMGS consists of four main energy sources: a 50 kW DC fuel cell (FC) stack, a 100 kW photovoltaic (PV) system, a 30 kW wind energy (WE) unit, and a 20 kW oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy (WvE) system, totaling 200 kW. MATLAB/Simulink is used for system modeling, and a fuzzy‐logic (FL)‐based load management (LM) system, combined with a Smart FC Dispatch strategy, is proposed to minimize energy waste and enhance operational flexibility. A 24 h simulation is performed to evaluate system performance under different load conditions. Simulation results show that without LM, the simultaneous demand of 150 kW leads to rapid battery depletion and potential system blackout. In contrast, the proposed strategy dynamically sheds noncritical loads and regulates FC output based on the battery state of charge (SOC). This approach ensures a continuous supply for the 20 kW critical load, maintains the battery SOC above 80%, and reduces unnecessary hydrogen consumption by preventing excessive FC operation. Furthermore, harmonic analysis confirms that the system complies with IEEE‐519 power quality standards. Overall, the proposed HMGS offers an innovative and sustainable solution to meet the continuous energy needs of modern coastal communities.