Communication skill training in surgical residency: insights from Y-SICO (Young-Italian Society of Surgical Oncology)

Surgical training programs primarily emphasize technical skills for diagnosis and treatment. However, communication and interpersonal skills are equally essential for residents. Trainees often face sensitive situations, such as delivering bad news and discussing end-of-life decisions and lack of communications skills could result in a negative impact on patients and malpractice claims. Despite their importance, communication skills training is often underrepresented in surgical education. This study aimed to explore the extent to which such training is offered during surgical residency in Italy, and to investigate how surgical trainees and young surgeons perceive their own communication competence and confidence, particularly in emotionally demanding scenarios. The "COSTRUIRE" (COmmunication Skills TRaining in sUrgIcal REsidency) survey, conducted from July to September 2024 by the Young Group of the Italian Society of Surgical Oncology, utilized a 30-item online questionnaire to gather data on participants' communication experiences, emotional experiences, burnout risk, and training preferences. The responses were analyzed in accordance with the CHERRIES guidelines. A total of 189 participants met the inclusion criteria, including general surgery residents (61.4%) and early-career surgeons. Most respondents (85.2%) reported having communicated a difficult diagnosis without supervision during training. While participants rated their communication skills positively, over 70% expressed a desire to have handled these conversations differently, often citing the need for better tools or support. Notably, 73.9% reported learning communication informally by observing mentors. Only 7.9% received formal training during residency, despite 91% recognizing its importance. Emotional impact was significant, with high levels of emotional involvement but also early signs of burnout. The COSTRUIRE survey identified the importance of structured communication skills training in Italian surgical residency. Addressing this gap may contribute to improving self-perceived competence and confidence in managing emotionally challenging clinical interactions.