A Toroidal Coherence Field for Early Galaxy Formation and Cosmological Evolution

This work introduces a coherence-based framework for cosmological structure formation based on a toroidal scalar field Λ(t,θ,φ). The model proposes that spacetime coherence acts as a dynamical amplifier of gravitational collapse, enabling the rapid formation of massive galaxies observed at high redshift (z > 10) without modifying General Relativity or introducing new particle species. A central feature of the framework is the emergence of spatial–temporal coherence regimes, governed by the dimensionless parameter 𝓡 = (∇Λ)² / (∂tΛ)². In the spatial coherence regime (𝓡 ≫ 1), the field enhances structure formation by effectively reducing collapse timescales. In the temporal coherence regime (𝓡 ≪ 1), the field contributes to the global energy density, modifying the expansion history and providing a natural mechanism for deviations in the inferred Hubble parameter. The model is calibrated independently using the Radial Acceleration Relation (RAR) and applied to halo growth at z ≈ 12, yielding agreement with JWST stellar mass functions using an amplification factor AΛ ≈ 4, without parameter tuning. This unified framework connects early structure formation, galactic dynamics, and late-time cosmological expansion within a single coherence-driven mechanism. It also yields testable predictions, including environmental dependence of coherence regimes and preferred alignment of galaxy spin axes with the underlying field geometry at high redshift.