The Occlusal Plane Orientation in Complete Denture Success: Principles and Practices

Abstract The occlusal plane itself is an important guiding element in the prosthodontic treatment with complete dentures. Its ideal placement is crucial to functional competence, aesthetic congruence and patient comfort. Incorrect arrangement of the occlusal plane results in a mélange of difficulties such as compromised chewing, unsatisfactory appearance, speech impairment and instability of complete denture. This is analysed from the perspective of both classical and modern approaches, incorporating digital technologies. In the review, several methods, including anatomical landmarks and cephalometric analysis through the recent digital technology used by prosthodontists to determine the occlusal plane in edentulous patients, are discussed. Precision in establishing a correct occlusal plane leads to better masticatory performance, aesthetics, phonetics and denture stability. Classical measures, such as anatomical landmarks (e.g., Camper’s plane and interpupillary line), are still commonly used. Digital technologies such as computer-aided design and intraoral scanners also provide better precision, albeit involving considerable investment. The occlusal plane is essential for ensuring a denture’s function, aesthetics and long-term success. Its accurate placement requires a blend of traditional anatomical landmarks and modern digital innovations tailored to each patient. Ultimately, clinical excellence depends on balancing these technical methods with a personalised, patient-centred approach.