Gender Factor in Migration Legislation: the Experience of Russia and Foreign Countries

The stable vector of regulatory impact aimed at ensuring gender equality and prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sex is clearly expressed at the international level. Despite the guidelines outlined at the international level, the legislative provision of gender equality at the national level depends mainly on the historical traditions that have developed in a particular state and society, the cultural values that have formed, and the specifics of the legal system. The increased intensity of migration processes has led to the concentration on the territory of the host countries of groups of people with different cultural values and traditions, guided by different models of the distribution of social roles of men and women in society and the family. This necessitates additional attention to gender equality issues in countries with a high migration burden. The principle of gender equality, reflected in international acts and enshrined in the legislation of many states, is not always consistently implemented; in practice, manifestations of discrimination are not excluded, which necessitates the improvement of existing mechanisms for the protection of human and civil rights and freedoms, overcoming unjustified gender asymmetry, including with respect to foreign citizens. According to the results of various studies, the gender factor is manifested in the causes of migration, its goals, the desire and ability of foreign citizens to integrate into the host society, learn its language and culture, etc. This should be taken into account when shaping migration legal policy in both donor and recipient countries. In particular, it seems advisable to take into account the gender factor when developing measures aimed at the social and cultural adaptation and integration of foreign citizens. At the same time, the allocation of such measures should be conditioned by the objective need for special regulation.