Assessment of Work‐Related Musculoskeletal Disorders and Ergonomic Risk Factors Among RMG Workers Using REBA and NMQ: A Public Health Study in Savar and Gazipur, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT Background Work‐related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) represent a notable public health issue among ready‐made garment (RMG) workers, especially in developing countries where ergonomic hazards are frequently neglected. This study sought to evaluate the prevalence, risk factors, and ergonomic hazards related to WMSDs among RMG laborers in Bangladesh. Methods A cross‐sectional study was carried out involving 656 RMG laborers from Savar and Gazipur, Bangladesh. Data were gathered through the use of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) instrument. Demographic, occupational, and ergonomic variables were examined through chi‐square tests and logistic regression analysis. Results The high prevalence over the past 12 months was observed in lower back pain at 39.5%, followed by neck pain at 33.5% and ankle pain at 33.5%. Female employees, those engaged in needlework activities, and individuals working overtime or maintaining extended periods of seated posture exhibited significantly higher likelihood of developing WMSDs. Among the REBA subsample ( n = 43), more than 53% were classified as high or very high ergonomic risk. Significant correlations were identified between WMSDs and variables including gender, work section, posture, overtime, and work experience ( p < 0.05). Conclusion WMSDs are extensively prevalent among Bangladeshi RMG laborers, with ergonomic and occupational factors serving as key contributors. Immediate ergonomic interventions, policy modifications, and worker education are essential to mitigate WMSD risks and enhance worker health and productivity.