Evaluating Research Quality Metrics in Indian Higher Education Institutions: A Comparative Study of Quantitative vs Qualitative Indicators

AbstractThis paper examines the comparative effectiveness of quantitative and qualitative indicators used to evaluate research quality in Indian higher education institutions (HEIs). By analyzing national and international frameworks, including the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) guidelines, the Leiden Manifesto, and UNESCO reports, the study identifies strengths, weaknesses, and trade-offs in the two approaches. Findings indicate that while quantitative indicators ensure scalability and comparability, qualitative assessments provide depth, contextual understanding, and fairness across disciplines. The paper proposes a hybrid evaluation model that integrates both approaches, emphasizing transparency, field normalization, and alignment with India’s national research and innovation goals.