Sustainable Alternatives to Conventional Proteins

Proteins are macronutrients that provide mechanical support and immune protection, generate movement, and control growth. Animal proteins are the most widely used protein source, containing all essential amino acids necessary for the human body. However, due to changing dietary habits, consumer preferences, increasing populations, and environmentally damaging greenhouse gas emissions, alternative protein sources have become increasingly preferred over traditional protein sources. Plant proteins, microalgae, and insects, fungal protein, and cultured meat are among the important alternative sources. However, the unconventional nature of these alternatives can hinder consumer acceptance. Therefore, the integration of these alternative proteins is essential for both consumer and sensory acceptance, as well as to ensure nutritional adequacy by meeting the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of essential amino acids. Furthermore, the development of sustainable alternative food systems has positive impacts on our future by reducing environmental footprints. Consequently, a diversified protein supply can play a vital role in ensuring global food security and promoting healthier, more sustainable diets.