Neuronal Autoantibodies in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Abstract: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition marked by social communication deficits, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. Its etiology involves genetic and environmental factors. This review examines the role of neuronal autoantibodies in ASD development. Autoantibodies mistakenly attack the body's tissues, including critical components of the nervous system, disrupting brain function. Examples include autoantibodies against NMDA and AMPA receptors, as well as myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), which interfere with neurotransmitter signaling, synaptic function, and the integrity of the blood- -brain barrier, contributing to ASD symptoms. Maternal autoantibodies (MAAs) targeting fetal brain proteins can pass the placental barrier and disturb fetal brain development, potentially leading to ASD. Understanding autoantibodies in ASD pathogenesis offers insights into therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers for this disorder.