Seasonal diet variation among an urban population of coyotes ( Canis latrans ) in South Florida

Abstract Coyotes (Canis latrans), a recent colonizer of Southeastern Florida, demonstrates remarkable adaptability in urban and suburban environments. This study investigates the dietary habits of coyotes at the Montgomery Botanical Center (MBC) in Miami-Dade County, Florida. We surveyed for scat along established paths twice weekly for 1 year. A total of 120 coyote scat samples were collected containing 231 identifiable food items. Game cameras were placed at various locations where ripening fruit began to drop from trees and at the site of a recently excavated green iguana (Iguana iguana) burrow. Additionally, a game camera was deployed along the northern boundary of MBC and the R Hardy Matheson Preserve (RHMP). Coyotes consumed animal derived food more frequently during the dry season and more vegetative material during the wet season. Key dietary components included iguana eggs and iguanas, peafowl, land crabs, and various fruits. Notably, green iguanas were a staple dietary item, especially during cooler months. Statistical analyses indicated significant effects of temperature and season on dietary composition. Coyote access to both properties (MBC and RHMP) was noted to occur throughout the year via a hole underneath the boundary fence. Our results underscore the coyote’s role as a generalist opportunistic omnivore capable of exploiting diverse and seasonal food sources. Understanding the trophic niche of coyote populations in urban environments is essential for developing informed management practices that minimize potential human–wildlife conflicts. Our findings contribute to the knowledge base of coyote urban ecology, emphasizing their dietary plasticity, which promotes their success in novel ecosystems.